I te tau 2019, i pānuitia e te US FDA tētahi tono hou e kī ana, i roto i ngā matū hohe o te pare rā 16 kei te mākete o Amerika i tēnei wā, ka tāpirihia te konutea waikura me te hauhā titanium ki ngā hua pare rā hei "GRASE" (e mōhiotia whānuitia ana he haumaru, he whai hua). Kāore te PABA me te Trolamine Salicylate i te "GRASE" hei whakamahi i roto i ngā pare rā nā runga i ngā take haumaru. Heoi, kua tangohia tēnei ihirangi i waho o te horopaki, ā, e mārama ana ko ngā matū pare rā tūturu anake - te nano konutea waikura me te titanium hauhā - he haumaru, he whai hua hoki i roto i ngā matū hohe o te pare rā, kāore ngā matū pare rā kē atu i te haumaru, i te whai hua hoki. Inaa, ko te māramatanga tika ahakoa e whakaaro ana te US FDA ko te nano-konutea waikura me te titanium hauhā he "GRASE", ehara i te mea ehara ngā matū pare rā 12 kē atu i te GRASE, engari kāore tonu i te rawaka ngā raraunga haumaru hei whakaatu. I taua wā anō, kei te tono hoki te FDA ki ngā kamupene e tika ana kia whakarato i ētahi atu raraunga tautoko haumaru.
Hei tāpiritanga, i whakahaerehia hoki e te FDA tētahi whakamātautau haumanu mō te "mimiti o te pare rā mā te kiri ki roto i te toto" ā, i kitea ko ētahi o ngā matū hohe o te pare rā i roto i ngā pare rā, ki te mimitia e te tinana i te taumata tiketike, ka pā he raruraru hauora. I te whakaputanga o ngā hua o te whakamātautau, ka ara ake he kōrero whānui puta noa i te ao, ā, ka āta puta he hē i waenga i ngā kaihoko noa kāore i te mōhio ki te pono. I whakapono tika rātou ka taea e ngā pare rā te uru ki te toto, ā, kāore e haumaru mō te tinana tangata, ā, i whakapono taha kotahi rātou he kino ngā pare rā ki te hauora, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi.
E ai ki ngā pūrongo, i tohua e te FDA ētahi tūao e 24, i wehea kia 4 ngā rōpū, ā, i whakamatauria ngā pare rā kei roto e 4 ngā pare rā rerekē i roto i te tauira. Tuatahi, i takoha ngā tūao i te 75% o te kiri katoa o te tinana, e ai ki te horopeta paerewa o te 2mg/cm2, 4 ngā wā i te rā mō ngā rā e 4 karapīpiti hei whakamahi i te pare rā. Kātahi ka kohia ngā tauira toto o ngā tūao mō ngā rā e 7 karapīpiti, ā, i whakamatautauria te nui o te pare rā i roto i te toto. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau ko te horahanga kiri o te pakeke he tata ki te 1.5-2 ㎡. Ki te whakaarohia he uara toharite o te 1.8 ㎡, ki te tatauhia kia rite ki te nui paerewa, ko te pare rā e whakamahia ana e ngā tūao he tata ki te 2×1.8×10000/1000=36g i roto i te whakamātautau, ā, ko te nui mō ngā wā e 4 i te rā he 36×4= 144g. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te horahanga kiri o te mata he tata ki te 300-350cm², kotahi te paninga o te pare rā he nui hei tiaki i te rā katoa. Nō reira, ko te nui o te whakamahinga kua tatauhia ko 2×350/1000=0.7g, ahakoa kua tāpirihia te peita anō, tata ki te 1.0 ~1.5g. Mēnā ka tangohia te nui mōrahi o te 1.5 karamu, ko te tataunga ko 144/1.5=96 ngā wā. Ā, ko te nui o te hinu ārai rā i whakamahia e ngā tūao mō ngā rā e 4 karapīpiti ko 144×4=576g, ko te nui o te hinu ārai rā i whakamahia e te tangata noa mō ngā rā e 4 ko 1.5×4=6g. Nō reira, he tino nui te rerekētanga i waenga i te horopeta o te 576 karamu me te 6 karamu o te hinu ārai rā, ā, e mārama ana te pānga.
Ko ngā hinu ārai rā i whakamatautauria e te FDA i tēnei whakamātautau ko te benzophenone-3, te octoclilin, te avobenzone, me te TDSA. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā raraunga kitenga o te benzophenone-3 anake i nui ake i te mea e kiia nei ko te "uara haumaru", tata ki te 400 ngā wā i nui ake ai i te paerewa, ko te octocrylene me te avobenzone kei roto i te 10 ngā wā, ā, kāore i kitea te waikawa p-xylylenedicamphorsulfonic.
E ai ki te ariā, mā te whakamahi tonu i te pare rā i te kaha nui ka puta he pānga ā-pūmau. Kāore i te miharo ka kitea ngā pare rā i roto i te toto i raro i ēnei āhuatanga whakamātautau tino kino. Kua neke atu i te tekau tau te whakaaetanga me te whakamahinga o ngā pare rā, ā, he maha ngā whenua kua whakahaere i ngā pare rā hei rongoā, ā, tae noa ki tēnei wā kāore anō kia nui ngā raraunga rangahau hei whakaatu he pānga taha ā-tinana ki te tinana tangata.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-09-2022
