E haʻi aku ʻo ZHONGAN iā ʻoe: Pehea e ʻike pololei ai i nā kānana UV?

I ka makahiki 2019, ua hoʻolaha ka US FDA i kahi manaʻo hou e ʻōlelo ana ma waena o nā mea hana sunscreen 16 i kēia manawa ma ka mākeke US, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka zinc oxide a me ka titanium dioxide i nā huahana sunscreen ma ke ʻano he "GRASE" (ʻIke nui ʻia he palekana a maikaʻi). ʻAʻole ʻo PABA lāua ʻo Trolamine Salicylate he "GRASE" no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā sunscreen ma muli o nā pilikia palekana. Eia nō naʻe, ua lawe ʻia kēia ʻike ma waho o ka pōʻaiapili, a ua maopopo ʻia ʻo nā mea hana sunscreen kino wale nō - nano zinc oxide a me titanium dioxide - palekana a maikaʻi i nā mea hana sunscreen, ʻaʻole palekana a maikaʻi nā mea hana sunscreen kemika ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ʻike pololei ʻana ʻoiai ua manaʻo ka US FDA i ka nano-zinc oxide a me ka titanium dioxide he "GRASE", ʻaʻole ia manaʻo ʻaʻole ʻo GRASE nā mea hana sunscreen kemika 12 ʻē aʻe, akā nele lākou i ka ʻikepili palekana lawa e hōʻike ai. I ka manawa like, ke noi aku nei ka FDA i nā hui pili e hāʻawi i ka ʻikepili kākoʻo palekana hou aku.

Eia kekahi, ua hana pū ka FDA i kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ma ka "komo ʻana o ka sunscreen ma o ka ʻili i loko o ke koko" a ua ʻike ʻia he mau mea hana sunscreen i loko o nā sunscreens, inā komo ʻia e ke kino ma kahi kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻoulu i nā pilikia olakino. pilikia. I ka paʻi ʻia ʻana o nā hopena o ka hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻāla lākou i ka kūkākūkā ākea a puni ka honua, a ua hoʻoulu mālie i ka kuhihewa ʻana e nā mea kūʻai maʻamau i ʻike ʻole i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo pololei lākou hiki i nā sunscreens ke komo i ke koko a palekana ʻole no ke kino kanaka, a ua manaʻoʻiʻo hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao he mea hōʻino nā sunscreens i ke olakino a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.

Ua hōʻike ʻia ua hoʻolimalima ka FDA i 24 mau mea manawaleʻa, i māhele ʻia i 4 mau pūʻulu, a ua hoʻāʻo i nā sunscreens me 4 mau sunscreens like ʻole i loko o ke ʻano hana. ʻO ka mea mua, ua hāʻawi nā mea manawaleʻa i 75% o ka ʻili o ke kino holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka mahele maʻamau o 2mg/cm2, 4 mau manawa i ka lā no 4 mau lā e hoʻohana ai i ka sunscreen. A laila, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hāpana koko o nā mea manawaleʻa no 7 mau lā a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka nui o ka sunscreen i loko o ke koko. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he 1.5-2 ㎡ ka nui o ka ʻili o kahi pākeke. Ke manaʻo nei he awelika o 1.8 ㎡, inā helu ʻia e like me ka nui maʻamau, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka sunscreen e nā mea manawaleʻa ma kahi o 2 × 1.8 × 10000/1000 = 36g i ka hoʻokolohua, a ʻo ka nui no 4 mau manawa i ka lā he 36 × 4 = 144g. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻili o ka maka ma kahi o 300-350cm², hoʻokahi wale nō hoʻopili ʻana o ka sunscreen ua lawa ia e pale i ka lā holoʻokoʻa. Ma kēia ʻano, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohana i helu ʻia he 2 × 350 / 1000 = 0.7g, ʻoiai inā hoʻokomo ʻia ka pena hou ʻana, ma kahi o 1 .0 ~ 1.5g. Inā lawe ʻia ka nui loa o 1.5 grams, ʻo ka helu ʻana he 144 / 1.5 = 96 mau manawa. A ʻo ka nui o ka sunscreen i hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea manawaleʻa no 4 mau lā i ka lālani he 144 × 4 = 576g, ʻoiai ʻo ka nui o ka sunscreen i kēlā me kēia lā i hoʻohana ʻia e ka poʻe maʻamau no 4 mau lā he 1.5 × 4 = 6g. No laila, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka nui o 576 grams a me 6 grams o ka sunscreen he nui loa ia a ua maopopo ka hopena.

ʻO nā pale lā i hoʻāʻo ʻia e ka FDA ma kēia hoʻokolohua he benzophenone-3, octoclilin, avobenzone, a me TDSA. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻikepili ʻike o benzophenone-3 wale nō i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "waiwai palekana", ma kahi o 400 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kūlana maʻamau, ʻo ka octocrylene a me ka avobenzone ʻelua i loko o 10 mau manawa, a ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka waikawa p-xylylenedicamphorsulfonic.

Ma ke kumumanaʻo, ʻo ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i ka sunscreen me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoulu ai i kahi hopena hōʻuluʻulu. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha ua ʻike ʻia nā sunscreens i loko o ke koko ma lalo o ia mau kūlana hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi. Ua ʻae ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia nā sunscreens no nā makahiki he ʻumi a ʻoi, ua hoʻoponopono nā ʻāina he nui i nā sunscreens ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau, a hiki i kēia manawa ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻikepili noiʻi e hōʻoia i ko lākou mau hopena ʻaoʻao ma ke kino o ke kanaka.