Muva nje, i-1,4-butanediol (BDO) isibe yindaba eshisayo emkhakheni wamakhemikhali. Njengezinto ezisetshenziswayo zamakhemikhali abalulekile, ifaka amandla amasha ezimbonini eziningi ngezinhlobo zayo eziningi zokusetshenziswa, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni okunamandla kochungechunge olukhulu lwezimboni.
Emigqeni yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-polyester, i-1,4-butanediol ibonisa inani elingenakuphikwa. Ukwenziwa kwe-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) kuncike kakhulu kuyo. I-PBT, njengepulasitiki yobunjiniyela be-polyester esebenza kahle kakhulu, inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, ukumelana nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okunamandla, kanye nokufakwa kukagesi okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina kobukhulu. Njengamanje, imboni yezinto zikagesi nezinto zikagesi ikhula ngokushesha, ngemishini ehlukahlukene yasekhaya ehlakaniphile kanye namadivayisi kagesi anembile avela njalo. Izindlu nezixhumi zemishini kagesi ezenziwe ngezinto ze-PBT aziqinisekisi nje kuphela ukuphepha nokuzinza kwemishini kodwa futhi zinikeza imikhiqizo ukubukeka okuhle nokuqinile, okuholela ekufuneni okukhulu kwemakethe. Imboni yokukhiqiza izimoto nayo ikhombisa ukukhetha okuhle kwe-PBT. Izingxenye ezifana nezibambo zeminyango yemoto nama-bumper enziwe nge-PBT zingamelana nokuguguleka kwezimo zomgwaqo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngenkathi zithuthukisa ukuthungwa kwemoto iyonke.
Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ze-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), i-1,4-butanediol nayo iyilungu eliyinhloko. I-TPU ihlanganisa ukuqina okuphezulu kwerabha nokusebenziseka kalula kwepulasitiki, futhi imikhiqizo yayo eqediwe ayigugi, ayivimbi uwoyela, futhi ayivimbi ukubanda. Kusukela ezithendeni zezicathulo zezemidlalo zansuku zonke, ezihlinzeka ngokusekelwa okunethezekile nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwabathandi bezemidlalo, kuya kumapayipi, ucingo kanye nezigxobo zekhebula ezimweni zezimboni, okuvikela ukuphepha kokudluliselwa kwamandla kanye nokuthuthwa kwezinto, bese kuba amabhande okuhambisa ezimbonini asebenza ngesivinini esikhulu, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle komugqa wokukhiqiza, i-TPU itholakala yonke indawo, futhi iyisisekelo sokusebenza esibekwe yi-1,4-butanediol esenza kube nokwenzeka.
Izimboni zokumboza, uyinki, kanye nokunyathelisa nokudaya nazo zishintshe kakhulu muva nje ngenxa ye-1,4-butanediol. I-γ-butyrolactone ekhiqizwa kuyo inendawo yokubila ephezulu kanye nokuncibilika okuhle kakhulu, ekwazi ukuncibilikisa kalula amakhemikhali ahlukahlukene e-organic kanye nama-polymer, okwenza imibala yokumboza ifane kakhulu, ukunamathela kwamayinki kuqine, kanye namaphethini okunyathelisa nokudaya acace futhi akhanye kakhudlwana, okufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamakhemikhali yendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengezinto zokuqala zokwenziwa kwezinongo kanye nezithako zemithi, i-γ-butyrolactone ivula buthule umnyango omusha wocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhemikhali amahle, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi iveze imikhiqizo emisha kakhulu ezokwethulwa emakethe.
Ngaphansi kwegagasi elikhulayo lemboni yamabhethri e-lithium, i-N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), etholakala ku-1,4-butanediol, idonsele ukunaka okukhulu. Njenge-solvent ye-polar aprotic, i-NMP inqobe inkinga yokuncibilika okungekuhle kwezinto ze-electrode zamabhethri e-lithium, okwenza kube lula ukuxubana okufanayo kwama-binder nezinto ezisebenzayo. Yiqhawe elingadunyiswanga ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yamabhethri e-lithium, isekela kakhulu i-mileage entsha yezimboni ezifana nezimoto zamandla ezintsha namadivayisi okugcina amandla.
Emingceleni yemfashini nezindwangu, i-tetrahydrofuran (THF) eyenziwe ngokubamba iqhaza kwe-1,4-butanediol iguqulwa ibe yi-polytetrahydrofuran (PTMEG), eba yizinto zokusetshenziswa zemicu ye-spandex kanye ne-polyurethane elastomers. Lokhu kwenza izingubo zezemidlalo kanye nemfashini ephezulu zivumelane kakhulu nama-curve omzimba womuntu, kuhlanganisa induduzo kanye nomuzwa wemfashini, futhi kunikeze izindwangu ukuguquguquka okuphezulu nokuguquguquka okungakaze kubonwe.
Emkhakheni wocwaningo lwezemithi kanye nentuthuko, i-1,4-butanediol isebenza buthule njenge "qhawe elingadunyiswanga". Njengesikhungo esibalulekile sezemithi, ihlanganyela ezinyathelweni zokwenziwa eziyinkimbinkimbi zemithi ethile yama-steroid kanye nama-antibiotic. Ifana nezakhi zokwakha ezibucayi zokwakha isakhiwo sama-molecule, isiza abacwaningi ukuthi bakhe izakhiwo zemithi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi banikeze izikhali zokunqoba izifo ezinzima.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlolwa okujulile kwesidingo semakethe, imboni ye-1,4-butanediol kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula, lapho izimboni ezikhuphukayo neziphansi zisebenzisana ekusunguleni izinto ezintsha futhi zikhula emikhakheni emisha eminingi, zibhala isahluko esisha esihle kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-08-2025
