Ngexesha apho ihlabathi lisebenzisa ngokukhutheleyo ingcamango yophuhliso oluzinzileyo kwaye lenza konke okusemandleni alo ukufezekisa iinjongo "zekhabhoni ezimbini", i-furandiformic acid (FDCA) ivele njengeenkwenkwezi ezintsha eziqaqambileyo kwicandelo lezinto ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji, ivula ucango olutsha oluya kwikamva eliluhlaza kuthi.
I-Furanediformic acid, njenge-white solid, iyanyibilika emanzini nakwizinto eziphilayo ezifana nee-alcohols kunye nee-esters. Inokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, uvakalelo oluqinileyo kunye nozinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali. Ayisiyo kuphela ikhemikhali ebalulekileyo esekelwe kwi-bio, kodwa ikwayenye yeeyunithi ezibalulekileyo zesakhiwo sokusebenza okuphucukileyo kunye nezixhobo zepolymer ezongeziweyo ngexabiso eliphezulu. Ukusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kwiindawo ezininzi eziphambili kukubhala ngokutsha ipateni yophuhliso lweshishini kwaye kuzisa amathuba angazange abonwe ngaphambili kunye notshintsho kumacandelo amaninzi.
Ngokwembono yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, i-furanediformic acid ineengenelo ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto. Imveliso ye-polyester yendabuko ixhomekeke kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-petrochemical, ezifana ne-terephthalic acid (PTA). Yonke inkqubo yemveliso ayisebenzisi nje kuphela izixhobo ze-petroleum ezingavuselelekiyo kodwa ikwakhupha inani elikhulu leemveliso ze-carbon, ibeka umthwalo onzima kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuzalwa kwe-furanediformic acid kwaphula ngokupheleleyo lo mda. Isebenzisa i-biomass evuselelekayo njengezinto eziluhlaza, inciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwioyile evela kumthombo kwaye inciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon. Ngokwezibalo zedatha zobungcali, izinto ze-polyethylene glycol 2, 5-furanediforme (PEF) ezenziwe kwi-furanediforme acid zinokunciphisa kakhulu "i-carbon footprint" kuyo yonke ijikelezo lobomi xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ze-PET zemveli, zifaka amandla amakhulu kuphuhliso oluluhlaza noluzinzileyo loMhlaba. Olu phawu lwenza i-furandiformic acid ibe yinto ekhethwayo kumashishini amaninzi ekufuneni kwawo utshintsho lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ikhuthaza ngempumelelo utshintsho olunzulu lwamashishini ahlukeneyo ukuya kwiimodeli zemveliso eluhlaza. Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza, i-furanediformic acid nayo iyamangalisa. Inesakhiwo semolekyuli esifanayo ne-monomer terephthalic acid (PTA) yemveli ye-petroleum-based petroleum, zombini zinevumba elimnandi lenkqubo edibeneyo ejikelezayo kwaye zombini ziqulathe amaqela amabini e-hydroxyl, nto leyo eyenza zifane kakhulu kwiimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, i-furan ring ye-furanediformic acid yisakhiwo se-heterocyclic, kwaye esi sakhiwo sikhethekileyo siyinika uphawu lokuba kulula ukubola kwindalo kune-benzene ring. Okwangoku, ngokusebenzisa ii-polymerization reactions kunye nee-monomers ezifana nee-diols kunye nee-diamines, i-furanediformic acid ingasetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-polyester esebenza kakuhle, i-polyamide kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha ze-polymer ezisekelwe kwi-bio eziqulethe ii-aromatic compounds. Thatha izinto ze-PEF njengomzekelo. Iimpawu zayo zokuthintela iigesi ezahlukeneyo zinamandla kakhulu kunezo zezinto ze-PET zemveli. Kwangaxeshanye, inamandla aphezulu oomatshini kwaye inokuvelisa iimveliso zokupakisha ezinobukhulu obuncinci bodonga. Oku akupheleli nje ekuphuculeni kakhulu ukusebenza kwemveliso, kodwa kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokupakisha, ukufezekisa iinjongo ezimbini zokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo. Iindawo ezininzi zokusetyenziswa kwe-furanediformic acid zigxininisa ngakumbi ixabiso layo elikhulu lemarike. Kwicandelo lezinto zokupakisha, izinto ze-PEF, ezineempawu zazo ezibalaseleyo zokuthintela igesi kunye namandla oomatshini, zinokukhusela ngcono umxholo wokutya, amayeza, njl.njl., zandise ubomi bazo beshelufu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye zinciphise ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma yokupakisha, zizise isisombululo esiguqukayo kwishishini lokupakisha eliluhlaza. Kwicandelo leefayibha zelaphu, izinto zefayibha ezivela kwi-furanediformic acid zinamandla aphezulu, i-modulus ephezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kweekhemikhali okugqwesileyo. Zingasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zelaphu eziphezulu kunye nakwiindawo ezikhethekileyo ezifana neshishini kunye nokhuselo lwesizwe, okuphucula kakhulu umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso. Ukongeza, i-furanediformic acid ibonakalise amathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana nokupakisha amayeza, iiplastiki zobunjineli, i-nylon, ii-coating, kunye nee-plasticizers, kwaye kancinci kancinci iba ngamandla aphambili aqhuba ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe kunye nokuvelisa imveliso kumashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ngenxa yokwanda okuqhubekayo kwengqwalasela yehlabathi kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokukhula kwemfuno yezinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio, amathuba emarike ye-furandiformic acid aqaqambile kakhulu. Ngokwesibikezelo semibutho enegunya, ngo-2027, ubungakanani bemarike ye-FDCA kulindeleke ukuba budlule kwisigidi seetoni, kunye namathuba amakhulu emarike. Okwangoku, amashishini amaninzi aziwayo asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe asasaza ngenkuthalo ishishini le-furanediformic acid, enyusa utyalo-mali kuphando nophuhliso kunye nokwakha amandla. Umzekelo, njengeshishini elikhokelayo kwicandelo lehlabathi lezinto ezinuka kamnandi ezisekelwe kwi-bio, iLifu Bio, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yophando nophuhliso olungapheliyo, ihlolisise ngempumelelo inkqubo ekhethekileyo yehlabathi ye-"Biomass glucose HMF FDCA", ihlukana nokuxhomekeka kwezinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio ezisekelwe kwi-furan kwi-fructose ephuma kwingqolowa. Ngo-2022, yaqalisa ngempumelelo umgca wokuqala wemveliso we-FDCA we-1,000-ton, kwaye ngoSeptemba 2024, yaqalisa ukwakhiwa komgca wokuqala we-FDCA we-10,000-ton. Ngokwandiswa kwesikali kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho okuqhubekayo, ikhokela umkhwa wophuhliso lweshishini elisekelwe kwi-furan bio-based. Okwangoku, iqela elivela kwiYunivesithi yeSayensi neTekhnoloji yase-East China likwaqhuba uphando ngeprojekthi ethi "Ukuguqulwa kweBiomass ukuya kwiPlastic Monomer - Furanediformic acid". Ngokuphuhlisa ngobuchule ii-catalysts kunye neenkqubo zemveliso eqhubekayo, baseke indlela eqhubekayo yokwenziwa kweglucose ukuya kwi-2, 5-furanediformic acid, bekhuthaza ngempumelelo inkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ye-furanediformic acid kunye nophuhliso lweshishini.
I-Furandiformic acid, njengemveliso ebalaseleyo kwicandelo lezinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio, ikhokela amashishini ahlukeneyo kwixesha elitsha lophuhliso oluluhlaza noluzinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kwayo okubalaseleyo kokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, iipropati zomzimba nezekhemikhali ezibalaseleyo, kunye namathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa. Ayiniki nje kuphela amashishini ithuba elihle lokufikelela kutshintsho lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso, kodwa ikwabonelela ngesiseko esiqinileyo sezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze sikhusele ikhaya lethu loMhlaba kunye nokudala ikamva eliqaqambileyo. Masibambane ngezandla kwaye samkele i-furanediformic acid, eli themba litsha lekamva eliluhlaza, ngenzondelelo, kwaye kunye sidale ikamva eliluhlaza nelinempumelelo ngakumbi!
Ixesha leposi: Sep-09-2025
