Isesengura riherutse ku isoko n'iterambere ry'inganda bigaragaza ko sulfolane, umuti uvura ikirere ukora neza cyane, urimo amashami atandukanye kuva kuri peteroli kugeza ku miti, ashaka ibikoresho bikora neza kandi bihuye n'ibidukikije. Kubera ko ifite uburyo bwihariye bwo guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe, gushonga cyane, n'uburozi buke, sulfolane iri kugaragara nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gifasha mu bikorwa bishyira imbere intego zo kunoza imikorere no kubungabunga ibidukikije.

Urwego rwa peteroli rwayoboye mu ishyirwaho ry’ingufu zitunganya gaze karemano

Inganda zikora peteroli zikomeje kuba zo zikoresha sulfolane cyane, ahanini zikoresha ubushobozi bwazo bukomeye bwo gutandukanya imyuka ya sulfure n'imigezi ya gaze karemano n'inganda zitunganya ibiribwa. Uko amategeko mpuzamahanga ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bigamije kugabanya ihumana ry'ikirere no kugabanya ingaruka z'ikirere agenda arushaho gukomera, ababikora barimo gukoresha uburyo bwo gucukura sulfolane kugira ngo buzuze imipaka ikomeye y'ibikomoka kuri sulfure ku bikomoka kuri peteroli na gaze karemano.

Bitandukanye n’imiti isanzwe ivangavanga, sulfolane ikomeza gukora neza ku bushyuhe bwinshi (kugeza kuri 285°C) kandi ikarwanya kwangirika, ikagabanya gukenera gusimbuza imiti ivangavanga kenshi kandi ikagabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere muri rusange. Raporo z’inganda zivuga ko inganda zitunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere n’inganda zitunganya imyuka karemano mu turere dufite amahame macye y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere byatumye ishoramari mu byuma bikoresha sulfolane mu mezi 12 ashize, bikaba byitezwe ko bizakomeza kugeza mu 2026.

Inganda zikora imiti n'ibinyabutabire byongereye ikoreshwa

Uretse ibikomoka kuri peteroli, urwego rw'imiti n'ibinyabutabire byiza rurimo kwagura ikoreshwa rya sulfolane nk'uburyo bwo gukora isuzuma n'umuti uva mu bimera. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gushonga ibinyabutabire byombi byo mu bwoko bwa polar n'ibitari byo mu bwoko bwa polar butuma iba nziza mu gukora ibikoresho bikora imiti (APIs) n'ibindi binyabutabire byihariye, aho ubwiza n'ubuziranenge ari ingenzi cyane.

Iterambere rya tekiniki riherutse ryanasubije ku bibazo by’amateka bijyanye no kugarura ibinyabutabire, aho ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gusya no gutunganya lisansi rituma sulfolane ishobora kongera gukoreshwa ku kigero kirenga 95% mu nganda zikora imiti. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa imyanda ahubwo binajyana n’inganda zishyira imbaraga mu bukungu bushingiye ku mikorere, bigakomeza gutuma zikoreshwa.

Ibande ku musaruro urambye no kuzenguruka

Uko icyifuzo kigenda cyiyongera, ni ko ibitekerezo bigenda bihinduka ku musaruro urambye wa sulfolane ubwayo. Abakora barimo gushakisha ibikomoka ku binyabuzima n'inzira zo gukora ingufu zikoresha ingufu nke kugira ngo bagabanye ubwinshi bw'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva muri sulfolane, aho imishinga y'igerageza ya mbere igaragaza ko ishobora kugabanya 20% by'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ugereranije n'uburyo gakondo.

Byongeye kandi, ubufatanye mu nganda burimo gukorwa kugira ngo haterweho amabwiriza ahamye yo kongera gukoresha sulfolane mu nzego zitandukanye, hagamijwe gushyiraho uburyo buhuriweho bwo kugabanya imyanda ihumanya ikirere. Ibi bikorwa bishyigikiwe n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura ibidukikije zemera ko sulfolane igira ingaruka nke ku bidukikije iyo icunzwe neza, ikaba ari yo ikoreshwa mu gusimbura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ihumanya ikirere.

Icyerekezo: Iterambere Rihamye Riterwa n'Amabwiriza n'Udushya

Iteganyagihe ry’isoko ryerekana ko icyifuzo cy’isi yose cya sulfolane kiziyongera ku kigero cya 4.5% mu myaka itanu iri imbere, bitewe n’amategeko ahoraho agenga ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, iterambere mu nganda zikora imiti, no kwagura ibikorwa remezo byo gutunganya imyuka karemano. Impuguke zishimangira ko kuba sulfolane ikora neza—hamwe no guhuza kwayo n’imikorere irambye—bizayikomeza ku isonga mu guhitamo imiti ihumanya ikirere mu nganda mu myaka iri imbere.

Umuvugizi w’ishyirahamwe rikomeye ry’inganda yagize ati: “Mu gihe inganda zihanganye n’ibibazo bibiri byo kunoza imikorere no kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije, imiti ishongesha nk’iy’ingufu za sulfolane ntabwo ikiri ibikoresho by’imikorere gusa—ni imitungo y’ingenzi.” “Gukomeza guhanga udushya mu buryo dukora, dukoresha, kandi tugasubiramo sulfolane bizashimangira uruhare rwayo mu kubaka uburyo bw’inganda burambye.”