Phenolphthalein: ʻO ka Elf Kilokilo i loko o ke Ao Kemika

I loko o ke ao kupaianaha o ka kemika, ua like ka phenolphthalein me kahi ʻuhane pohihihi a hoʻohiwahiwa hoʻi, me kona ʻano hoʻohiwahiwa kū hoʻokahi a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole, e lilo ana i mea nui loa ma nā ʻano he nui.

ʻO ka Phenolphthalein, he pauka kristal maikaʻi me ke ʻano keʻokeʻo a melemele iki paha, he mea maʻamau paha ia, akā aia nā waiwai kemika kilokilo. He mea hoʻoheheʻe iki ia i ka wai anuanu akā hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i kona ʻano i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik e like me ka ethanol a me ka ether. A ʻo ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ia kāna hana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona acid-base. Ke emi ka waiwai pH o ka hopena ma lalo o 8.2, noho mālie ka phenolphthalein a ʻike ʻia ka hopena me ke kala ʻole. Eia naʻe, i ka wā e lele ai ka waiwai pH i ka pae o 8.2 a 10.0, "hoʻololi" koke ka phenolphthalein, e pua ana ka hopena me kahi kala poni nani, me he mea lā e hula nani ana ma ke kahua kemika, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi o ka acidity a i ʻole ka alkalinity o ka hopena i nā kānaka ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kala. I nā hoʻokolohua titration acid-base, he "luna hoʻokolokolo" ʻoi aku ka pololei. E noʻonoʻo i ka wā e pono ai ʻoe e ana i ka nui o kahi waikawa a i ʻole ke kumu i ʻike ʻole ʻia, hoʻohui ʻoe i kekahi mau kulu o ka phenolphthalein. I ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka titration, ʻo ka loli koke ʻana o ke kala o ka hopena e hōʻike pololei ana i ka hopena titration, e kōkua ana iā ʻoe e loaʻa nā hopena hoʻokolohua pololei. He ākea loa nā noi o Phenolphthalein. I ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no ka constipation. Ma ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka plexus nerve i loko o ka paia o ka ʻōpū a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka peristalsis o nā ʻiʻo laumania o ka ʻōpū, ua kōkua ia i nā kānaka e hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ka ʻōpū. I ke ao o ka synthesis organik, ua hoʻokani ʻo phenolphthalein i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi, e komo ana i ka synthesis o nā plastics, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā polymers diazazone polyaryletherketone hana kiʻekiʻe. Ua loaʻa i nā fibers, nā uhi a me nā mea i hana ʻia mai ia mau polymers kā lākou noi ma nā kahua kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mea uila a me nā lako uila, nā lako mīkini, ka halihali, ka aerospace, ka ʻenekinia ikehu atomika a me ka pūʻali koa, mahalo i ko lākou kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa, kūpaʻa wai, kūpaʻa corrosion kemika, kūpaʻa wela a me ka hiki ke hana maikaʻi a me ke ʻano.

Ua hoʻohui pū ʻo Phenolphthalein i ka nui o ka hauʻoli i ko mākou ola. Ma ka hōʻike ʻepekema hoihoi, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka hanana kilokilo o ka "wai hoʻololi kala" i ka phenolphthalein. I kekahi mau mea pāʻani kilokilo, hoʻohana ʻia ka waiwai o ka phenolphthalein e hoʻololi i ke kala i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai i nā waikawa a i ʻole alkalis e hana i nā hopena ʻike kupaianaha. Eia kekahi, ma o nā hana maʻalahi, hiki iā mākou ke hana i ka pepa hoʻāʻo phenolphthalein iā mākou iho. Ke hoʻohana nei iā ia e ʻike i nā mea alkaline, lilo ia i ʻulaʻula ke hōʻike ʻia i ka alkali. ʻOiai inā he liʻiliʻi o ka ammonia i ka lewa, hiki i ka pepa hoʻāʻo pulu ke hōʻike maʻalahi i kahi kala ʻulaʻula māmā.

I ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka phenolphthalein, pono mākou e mālama pono i ko mākou palekana ponoʻī. E kāohi pono i ka nui. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka wai ʻona 0.1% ka mea kūpono loa. E pale i ka pili kokoke ʻana me ka ʻili. Inā pili ʻole ʻia, e holoi pono me ka wai maʻemaʻe koke. I ka wā e mālama ai, e mālama iā ia ma kahi anu a maloʻo, mai ka lā pololei.

ʻO Phenolphthalein, kēia mea kilokilo i loko o ke ao kemika, he kuleana nui kāna ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi. Inā paha e kākoʻo i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a i ʻole e lawe mai i nā ʻike kupaianaha i ke ola, hana ia i nā mea āpau. E hoʻohanohano kākou i kēia "koa" nāna i hāʻawi leo ʻole. Ma ke ala o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea pohihihinā mea o ke kemika, e hoʻomaka kākou i nā mokuna kupaianaha hou aʻe me ka phenolphthalein!