m-Xylylenediamine: He Makamae Kemika me ka Hana Maikaʻi Loa a me nā Hana like ʻole

Ma waena o ka lani hōkū ʻālohilohi o nā mea maka kemika, ʻo m-phenyldimethylamine, me kona mau waiwai kū hoʻokahi a koʻikoʻi hoʻi, ua lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi nui i nā ʻoihana he nui, e alakaʻi ana i hoʻokahi hoʻololi ʻoihana a me ka hana hou ma hope o kekahi.
He wai kala ʻole ʻo M-phenyldimethylamine i ka mahana o ka lumi, me ke kaumaha molekala o 136.194, ka nui o 1.1 ± 0.1 g / cm³, kahi kiko paila o 247.0 ± 0.0 °C (760 mmHg), a me kahi kiko heheʻe o 14 °C. I loko o kona ʻano molekala, ua hui pū ʻia ka hui amine mua aliphatic a me ke apo benzene me ke akamai, e hāʻawi ana iā ia me kahi moʻo o nā waiwai kupaianaha.
ʻO ka "super Engine" ma ke kahua o ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka epoxy
Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻōla resin epoxy, ʻo m-phenyldimethylamine kahi alakaʻi i ka ʻoihana. No ka mea, aia nā hui amine mua aliphatic, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopuka koke i nā hopena hoʻōla ma ka mahana o ka lumi, e hoʻopōkole nui ana i ke kaʻina hana a hoʻonui i ka pono hana. ʻAʻole wale ka huahana i hoʻōla ʻia he kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi loa a hiki ke noho paʻa i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā polyamines aliphatic maʻamau; Loaʻa iā ia ke kūpaʻa kemika koʻikoʻi. Inā he mau mea hoʻoheheʻe organik e like me toluene a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​mea corrosive e like me 10% wt sulfuric acid, he paʻakikī ke hōʻino iā ia. Ua hiki i kēia hiʻohiʻona ke ʻālohilohi i nā kahua o nā mea hoʻopili sila pākahiko a me nā mea hoʻopili pou terminal. Me nā pono o ka viscosity haʻahaʻa, ke kahe maʻalahi a me ka komo maikaʻi loa, hōʻoia ia e hiki ke hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia ka mea hoʻopili, e kūʻē ana i ka erosion o ke kinoea waikawa a me ka wai waikawa, a me ke kū ʻana i nā hopena ikaika o waho, no laila e palekana ana i ka hana palekana a paʻa o nā pākahiko. I kēia manawa, i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā uhi anti-corrosion no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke alahaka, ka uhi ʻana i nā paipu, nā ipu moku, nā papahele, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka m-phenylenediamine, i hui pū ʻia me ka epoxy resin, ke hōʻike i ka hoʻopili maikaʻi loa ʻana i nā wahi haʻahaʻa, e kūʻē pono ana i nā kūlana ʻino a hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe o nā hale.
"Hoʻoikaika Hana Hou" no nā ʻoihana like ʻole
I ka hana ʻana o nā resins polyurethane a me nā uhi, lawelawe ʻo m-phenyldimethylamine ma ke ʻano he mea maka koʻikoʻi a komo i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻano molekala hana kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui nui i ka maʻalahi, ke kū'ē i ka ʻaʻahu a me ke kū'ē i ka hopena o nā mea polyurethane, e hāʻawi ana i nā uhi me ke kū'ē i ka wā a me ka ʻālohilohi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka hoʻonaninani ʻili a me ka pale ʻana i nā lako hale, nā kaʻa, ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Ma ke kahua o nā mea hoʻohui rubber, hiki i kona hoʻohui ke hoʻonui i ke kaʻina hana vulcanization o ka rubber, hoʻonui i ka ikaika, ka elasticity a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻelemakule o nā huahana rubber, a hoʻomaikaʻi piha i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana rubber mai nā kaila a hiki i nā sila rubber. Eia kekahi, he monomer koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ʻo m-phenyldimethylamine no ka synthesis o nā mea nylon hana kiʻekiʻe e like me polyadipylm-phenyldimethylamine (MXD6). ʻO MXD6, me kona ʻano kū hoʻokahi i hāʻawi ʻia e ka m-phenyldimethylamine, hōʻike i nā waiwai pale kiʻekiʻe (ʻo ka permeability oxygen he 1/10 wale nō o PA6), ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī (ikaika tensile a hiki i 280MPa, modulus flexural a hiki i 24GPa), kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi (mahana hoʻopilikia wela a hiki i 73.8 ℃, 1.8MPa), a me ka helu omo wai haʻahaʻa. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka hiki ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ma nā kahua ʻoi loa e like me nā mea māmā no nā robots, nā ʻāpana no nā kaʻa ikehu hou, a me nā ʻōpala meaʻai kiʻekiʻe, a ua lilo ia i mea ikaika nui e hoʻokele ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻoihana. ʻAʻole wale ia, ma nā ʻoihana he nui e like me nā plastics photosensitive, pesticides, fiber finishing agents, rust inhibitors, chelating agents, lubricants, a me ka hana pepa, ʻo m-phenyldimethylamine, me kona mau waiwai kū hoʻokahi, hāʻawi i kahi ikaika hoʻokele mau no ka hana hou ʻana o ka huahana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana.
Mai ke kumu hana a hiki i ka hoʻopili hope loa, pili pono ʻo m-phenyldimethylamine i ka kaohi maikaʻi. Hoʻohana ke kaʻina hana i ka ʻenehana holomua, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka hui ʻana o m-xylene a me p-xylene, a laila e hana ana i nā hopena oxidation me ka ea a me ka ammonia e hana i ka m-xylene a me p-phenyldimethylnitrile. Ma hope iho, hele ia i kahi moʻo o nā ʻanuʻu kikoʻī e like me ka holoi wai, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, a me ka hydrogenation catalytic, a loaʻa i nā huahana maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻāʻo paʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻulu huahana e hōʻoia i ka maʻemaʻe o ≥ 99.0%, me nā hōʻailona āpau e paʻa a hilinaʻi, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea kūʻai aku i kahi koho hōʻoluʻolu. Hoʻopili ʻia ka huahana i loko o nā pahu plastik 200-kilogram no ka lawe maʻalahi a me ka mālama ʻana. Pono e mālama ʻia i kahi anuanu a maikaʻi ka ea, e pili pono ana i nā lula mālama a me ka lawe ʻana no nā mea lapalapa a me nā mea ʻawahia e hōʻoia ʻaʻole e hoʻopilikia ʻia ka maikaʻi o ka huahana.
ʻO M-phenyldimethylamine, me kāna hana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he kumu a me nā noi like ʻole ma ke ʻano he mau ʻēheu, ke kōkua nei i nā ʻoihana like ʻole e uhaʻi i nā pilikia loea a hoʻomaka i kahi huakaʻi hou o ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomohala hou. E hui pū me m-phenyldimethylamine a apo pū i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻoihana kemika!